Supreme Court of California Justia
Citation 26 Cal.4th 189
Pearl v. Workers' Comp. Appeals Bd.



Pearl v. Workers' Comp. Appeals Bd. (2001)26 Cal.4th 189 , -- Cal.Rptr.2d --; -- P.3d --

[No. S090553. July 19, 2001.]

RODNEY SCOTT PEARL, Petitioner, v. WORKERS' COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD and BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, Respondents.

(The Court of Appeal, Second Dist., Div. Six, No. B125991, 81 Cal.App.4th 1033 .)

(Opinion by Chin, J., expressing the unanimous view of the court.) [26 Cal.4th 191]

COUNSEL

Lemaire, Faunce, Pingel & Singer, Edward L. Faunce, Steven R. Pingel and Larry J. Roberts for Petitioner.

Joseph V. Capurro for California Applicants' Attorneys Association as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Petitioner.

Peter H. Mixon, Richard B. Maness, Kayla J. Gilland and Nathan D. Schmidt for California Public Employees' Retirement System as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Petitioner.

Neil P. Sullivan and Vincent Bausano for Respondent Workers' Compensation Appeals Board.

Carlos Cordova for Respondent Board of Trustees of the California State University.

OPINION

CHIN, J.-

Petitioner Rodney Scott Pearl obtained disability retirement benefits from the Public Employees' Retirement System (PERS) for a job-related psychiatric injury. He subsequently petitioned the Workers' Compensation Appeals Board (WCAB) to determine whether the injury was industrial, entitling him to increased benefits. The WCAB, applying the substantive provisions of Labor Code section 3208.3, determined that the injury was nonindustrial. After considering the merits, the Court of Appeal denied Pearl's petition to review the WCAB's decision.

We conclude that Government Code section 20046, a provision of the Public Employees' Retirement Law, and not Labor Code section 3208.3, governs whether the disability of a PERS member is "industrial." Accordingly, we reverse the Court of Appeal's judgment.


FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Pearl worked as a police officer for California Polytechnic State University from April 1990 until July 1996. He applied for disability retirement, alleging cumulative workplace trauma for that period, including psychiatric injury caused by a series of incidents involving other officers and his supervisor.

The alleged incidents included a number of practical jokes played on Pearl, such as falsely informing him that he was the subject of an internal [26 Cal.4th 192] affairs investigation, and that he had been turned down for a coveted position in a critical response unit. On another occasion, while Pearl was in a toilet stall, his supervisor set off a packet of firecrackers in the stall. In addition, fellow officers tampered with his equipment and car. Pearl also believed that his supervisor had given him an unfair performance evaluation that had damaged his career. During this period, Pearl also suffered family pressures, including his brother's spousal murder and suicide, which occurred shortly before Pearl began work at the university, and Pearl's own divorce and custody dispute.

In March 1997, PERS approved Pearl's retirement application. However, the determination was made without a finding whether the injury was industrial in character. Pursuant to Government Code section 21166, Pearl petitioned the WCAB for a finding of fact on the issue. The evidence presented at the hearing consisted of Pearl's deposition, performance evaluations, medical records, and the written opinions of two psychiatrists, Drs. Grattan and Wells. Dr. Grattan opined that the injury was not industrial: "Absent his employment with the Cal Poly campus police I believe Ms. Pearl [sic] would now present with seventy-five percent of a slight psychiatric disability." He ascribed "twenty-five percent [of the injury] to the actual events and perceived stresses in [Pearl's] work with the Cal Poly police department." Dr. Wells disagreed, opining that "cumulative trauma in the work place represented fifty-one percent or more of all causal factors."

Finding Dr. Grattan's report "well reasoned and indeed compelling," the workers' compensation judge made a factual finding that the disability was not industrial. He explained: "The sole question is whether or not applicant has sustained a disability which is or is not industrial. [¶] The undersigned equates this to whether or not there has been injury under Labor Code § 3208.3. . . . When one considers the magnitude of other outside problems that the applicant had, the undersigned is well convinced that applicant's work situation did not play a predominant role in his psychiatric condition."

Pearl petitioned for reconsideration, arguing in part that Government Code section 20046, not Labor Code section 3208.3, applies to a determination of industrial injury under the Public Employees' Retirement Law, and that the former provision required him to establish only that his injury arose out of and in the course of his employment. (Gov. Code, § 20046.) He further contended that his right to retirement benefits must be determined by the law in effect on the day he began his employment, which preceded subsequent amendments of Labor Code section 3208.3.

The workers' compensation judge recommended denial, on the ground that "[t]he Workers' Compensation Appeals Board must make findings in [26 Cal.4th 193] accordance with the Labor Code." He also disagreed that Pearl's right to disability benefits vested at the time he began employment, concluding that "the rights to a certain cause of action are determined when that cause of action accrues." The WCAB issued an order denying reconsideration.

Pearl petitioned for review in the Court of Appeal, which summarily denied review. We then granted Pearl's petition for review and transferred the cause to the Court of Appeal.

The Court of Appeal denied the petition. It observed that under both psychiatric reports, Pearl's injury met the threshold of industrial causation stated under Government Code section 20046. However, it concluded that the Public Employees' Retirement Law did not state the applicable standard, but that Labor Code section 3208.3 determines whether Pearl's injury was industrial. The Court of Appeal reasoned that by amending Labor Code section 3208.3 to raise the threshold for industrial causation for psychiatric injuries, the Legislature presumably intended the new standard to apply to disability retirement claims of public employees.

The Court of Appeal also held that applying the amended version of Labor Code section 3208.3 did not impermissibly interfere with Pearl's vested pension rights. Instead, the law in force at the time of injury determines his recovery. Although Pearl's pension rights vested when he was hired, his right to increased benefits was contingent on his psychiatric injury, which occurred later. Thus, applying amended Labor Code section 3208.3 did not interfere with his vested rights, but modified a contingency or condition.

We granted review. We now reverse.


DISCUSSION

The Legislature enacted the Public Employees' Retirement Law (Gov. Code § 20000 et seq.), "to effect economy and efficiency in the public service by providing a means whereby employees who become superannuated or otherwise incapacitated may, without hardship or prejudice, be replaced by more capable employees, and to that end provide a retirement system consisting of retirement compensation and death benefits." (Id. § 20001.) Under its provisions, certain persons, including police officers, are eligible for special disability retirement benefits if they are "incapacitated for the performance of duty as the result of an industrial disability." (Id. § 21151, italics added.) Thus, upon retirement for such a disability, a peace officer "shall receive a disability allowance of 50 percent of his or her final compensation plus an annuity purchased with his or her accumulated additional contributions, if any, or, if qualified for service retirement, the member shall receive his or her service retirement allowance if the allowance, [26 Cal.4th 194] after deducting the annuity, is greater." (Id. § 21407.) These benefits are free from federal income taxes. (26 U.S.C. § 104(a)(1).)

Those employees retiring due to a nonindustrial disability receive a substantially smaller benefit: "Upon retirement for a nonindustrial disability, a local safety member [Gov. Code, § 20420] who has attained the minimum age at which he or she may retire for service without an actuarial discount because of age, shall receive his or her service retirement allowance." (Gov. Code, § 21405.) For purposes of the Public Employees' Retirement Law, industrial is defined as follows: " 'Industrial,' in reference to the . . . disability of any member of [the public employees' retirement] system who is in a membership category under which special benefits are provided by this part because the . . . disability is industrial, means disability . . . as a result of injury or disease arising out of and in the course of his or her employment as such a member." (Gov. Code, § 20046.) [1] Under this standard, injury is compensable if the industrial component was "real and measurable." (Bowen v. Board of Retirement (1986) 42 Cal.3d 572, 578.)

If the PERS Board of Administration (Board) disputes a claim that a disability is industrial, "the Workers' Compensation Appeals Board, using the same procedure as in workers' compensation hearings, shall determine whether the disability is industrial." (Gov. Code, § 21166.) In this context, the jurisdiction of the WCAB "shall be limited solely to the issue of industrial causation." (Ibid.) fn. 1

[2a] The requirement that the WCAB, in making its determination of industrial causation, must use the same procedure as in workers' compensation hearings "implies pleadings, hearings, and notices of hearings, with opportunity to all parties to be heard, to be represented by counsel, and to submit pertinent oral and written evidence." (2 Hanna, Cal. Law of Employee Injuries and Workers' Compensation (rev. 2d ed. 2001) Arbitration and Fact-Finding, § 33.02[4][d][i], p. 33-20.) The question in this case is whether Government Code section 21166 also implies the use of substantive workers' compensation law, including Labor Code section 3208.3, subdivision (b)(1), as amended in 1993. (Stats. 1993, ch. 118, § 1, p. 1225.) Labor Code section 3208.3, subdivision (b)(1) requires that "[i]n order to establish that a psychiatric injury is compensable, an employee shall demonstrate by a [26 Cal.4th 195] preponderance of the evidence that actual events of employment were predominant as to all causes combined of the psychiatric injury." fn. 2

On its face, Government Code section 21166 does not require the WCAB to apply substantive workers' compensation law, and refers only to the same procedure used in workers' compensation hearings, i.e., the rules for presenting evidence and making findings of fact. Nor does Labor Code section 3208.3 clearly state that it applies to claims of psychiatric injury in matters under the Public Employees' Retirement Law, or otherwise indicate on its face that it supersedes the standard under Government Code section 20046, i.e., that a public employee's retirement disability is compensable if it results from "injury or disease arising out of and in the course of his or her employment as such a member." If the Legislature desires that a provision of substantive workers' compensation law apply in other types of compensation determinations, "all that it need do is to make its preemptive intent clear." (Garrick v. Board of Pension Commissioners (1971) 17 Cal.App.3d 243, 246 [holding that statutory presumption (Lab. Code, § 3212.5) in workers' compensation law is inapplicable in pension proceedings].)

Indeed, subdivision (c) of Labor Code section 3208.3 appears expressly to limit the section to matters under workers' compensation law. It provides that "[i]t is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this section to establish a new and higher threshold of compensability for psychiatric injury under this division" (ibid., italics added), i.e., division 4, commencing with Labor Code section 3200, of the workers' compensation law. Labor Code section 3208.3's reference to division 4 of the workers' compensation law indicates that its scope is confined to workers' compensation cases. (See City of Moorpark v. Superior Court (1998) 18 Cal.4th 1143, 1155.)

In City of Moorpark v. Superior Court, we interpreted the phrase "this division" in a provision of the workers' compensation law. We observed that Labor Code sections 3600 and 3602, which establish the exclusivity of the workers' compensation remedy as against an employer, apply only to " '[l]iability for the compensation provided by this division' " (City of Moorpark v. Superior Court, supra, 18 Cal.4th at p. 1154, quoting Lab. Code, § 3600, subd. (a), italics added)--i.e., division 4 of the Labor Code--and [26 Cal.4th 196] that Labor Code section 3207 further defined "compensation" as " 'compensation under Division 4.' " (City of Moorpark v. Superior Court, supra, 18 Cal.4th at p. 1154, italics added.) "Thus, the plain language of the exclusive remedy provisions of the workers' compensation law apparently limits those provisions to division 4 remedies. Remedies that the Legislature placed in other divisions of the Labor Code are simply not subject to the workers' compensation exclusive remedy provisions." (Id. at p. 1155; see also Currie v. Workers' Comp. Appeals Bd. (2001) 24 Cal.4th 1109, 1113.) Thus, Labor Code section 3208.3's reach does not appear to extend, either expressly or impliedly, to retirement disability under the Public Employees' Retirement Law, a different legislative scheme.

Pearl applied for retirement disability under the Public Employees' Retirement Law. In determining the substantive question whether his injury was industrial, the WCAB therefore had to apply the definition under Government Code section 20046. fn. 3

The Court of Appeal, however, concluded that Labor Code section 3208.3 governs the threshold of industrial causation for psychiatric injuries under the Public Employees' Retirement Law. It reasoned that before enactment of Labor Code section 3208.3, courts similarly construed the definitions of industrial injury under the Public Employees' Retirement Law and the workers' compensation law. (See, e.g., Board of Administration v. Ind. Acc. Com. (1961) 195 Cal.App.2d 719, 724 ["[I]t is clear that the 'industrial injury' within the meaning of the State Employees' Retirement law is essentially synonymous with 'injury' which is compensable under section 3600 of the Labor Code"].) On that basis, and because the statutes deal with the same general subject matter--the welfare of injured employees and their dependents--the Court of Appeal assumed that the Legislature intended Labor Code section 3208.3 to apply in determining whether psychiatric injuries are industrial under both the workers' compensation law, and the Public Employees' Retirement Law. In other words, the Legislature intended to retain the same standard for compensable psychiatric injury under both systems.

The Court of Appeal erred. Before Labor Code section 3208.3's enactment in 1989, courts reasonably gave a similar construction to the similarly [26 Cal.4th 197] worded standards for industrial injury under Labor Code section 3600, subdivision (a), and Government Code section 20046. (See United Public Employees v. City of Oakland (1994) 26 Cal.App.4th 729, 733 [statutes on the same subject of employee benefits and using the same statutory definition must be read together].) However, once the Legislature enacted Labor Code section 3208.3, it thereby eliminated what had been parallel language governing compensability of industrial injuries under the workers' compensation scheme and the Public Employees' Retirement Law. The enactment therefore undermines the rationale for similarly construing whether a psychiatric injury is industrial under the two statutory schemes.

As discussed, Labor Code section 3208.3 does not expressly provide that it apply to retirement disability claims under the Public Employees' Retirement Law. On the contrary, it refers to compensability under "this division," i.e., division 4 of the workers' compensation law. [3] Although both the Public Employees' Retirement Law and the workers' compensation law are aimed at the same general goals with regard to the welfare of employees and their dependents, they represent distinct legislative schemes. We may not assume that the provisions of one apply to the other absent a clear indication from the Legislature. (Nickelsberg v. Workers' Comp. Appeals Bd. (1991) 54 Cal.3d 288, 298; cf. People v. Goodloe (1995) 37 Cal.App.4th 485, 491 ["When a particular provision appears in one statute but is omitted from a related statute, the most obvious conclusion . . . is that a different legislative intent existed"].)

[2b] The Court of Appeal also reasoned that "[t]he Legislature did not amend Government Code section 21166 nor any other provision of [the Public Employees' Retirement Law] to preclude application of section 3208.3 to PERS disability determinations either when it enacted or amended section 3208.3." (Italics added.) This reasoning turns on its head the proper inquiry under Garrick v. Board of Pension Commissioners, supra, 17 Cal.App.3d at page 246, i.e., whether the Legislature clearly intended to include within Labor Code section 3208.3's reach the standard for industrial psychiatric injury under the Public Employees' Retirement Law. As discussed, we find no clear indication of that legislative intent. If the Legislature wanted Labor Code section 3208.3's standard to apply to the Public Employees' Retirement Law, it could have easily so stated. Where there is uncertainty on the point, we may not assume that the Legislature intended to amend the Public Employees' Retirement Law merely by implication. (City of Sacramento v. Public Employees Retirement System (1991) 229 Cal.App.3d 1470, 1488 [provisions of the Public Employees' Retirement Law must be "liberally construed in favor of pensioners if they are ambiguous or uncertain"].) [26 Cal.4th 198]

The Court of Appeal also concluded that limiting the effect of Labor Code section 3208.3 to the workers' compensation law would produce an absurd result: eliminating fraudulent claims for psychiatric injuries in the workers' compensation law, while allowing such fraudulent claims to go unchecked in the retirement system. Referring to the legislative history of Labor Code section 3208.3, the Court of Appeal recognized the provision was the legislative response to "increased public concern about the high cost of workers' compensation coverage, limited benefits for injured workers, suspected fraud and widespread abuses in the system, and particularly the proliferation of workers' compensation cases with claims for psychiatric injuries." fn. 4

We disagree. As the legislative history expressly indicates, the Legislature enacted Labor Code section 3208.3 as part of a package of reforms to the workers' compensation law. PERS is distinct from the workers' compensation system, subject to different laws and governed by different administrative boards. Moreover, PERS includes a limited class of employees, like police and firefighters, whose employment subjects them to hazardous working conditions in the public interest. It is not absurd or illogical that the standards for benefits under the two systems might differ with regard to eligibility for specific benefits. Nor does the legislative history indicate any concern with fraud or abuse of PERS. Moreover, absent any showing of fraud or abuse by PERS members, we disagree with the Court of Appeal that public policy concerns justify applying Labor Code section 3208.3 in this matter.

Nor do we agree that the delegation of authority to the WCAB to make findings of industrial disability "would be meaningless" if it were prohibited from applying substantive workers' compensation law. As discussed, Government Code section 21166, which confers this authority, refers only to the procedure used in workers' compensation hearings. The WCAB has well-established rules of practice and procedure for conducting hearings concerning workers' injuries and ascertaining cognizable evidence of disability. Its factfinding expertise in this area does not depend on, or require, the application of substantive provisions of the workers' compensation law. (Cf. Department of Justice v. Workers' Comp. Appeals Bd. (1989) 213 Cal.App.3d 194, 203 [WCAB has a circumscribed factfinding role under Labor Code section 4800, authorizing it to determine causation of injury but not eligibility for special statutory benefits].) Nor does the legislative history of Government Code section 21166 indicate any intent to incorporate substantive workers' compensation law. [26 Cal.4th 199]


DISPOSITION

We reverse the Court of Appeal's judgment and remand the matter with directions that the Court of Appeal annul the Workers' Compensation Appeals Board's order denying reconsideration, and that the Court of Appeal remand the matter to the Workers' Compensation Appeals Board for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

George, C.J., Kennard, J., Baxter, J., Werdegar, J., and Brown, J., concurred.

­FN 1. Under Government Code section 21156, if a medical examination and other available information show to the Board's satisfaction that "the member is incapacitated physically or mentally for the performance of his or her duties in the state service and is eligible to retire for disability . . . the board shall immediately retire him or her for disability . . . ." (Gov. Code, § 21156.) The Board found Pearl to be disabled. That determination, which did not address the causation question, has not been challenged.

­FN 2. Until 1989, the workers' compensation law required generally, including as to psychiatric injuries, that "[l]iability for the compensation provided by this division . . . shall, without regard to negligence, exist against an employer for any injury sustained by his or her employees arising out of and in the course of the employment . . . ." (Lab. Code, § 3600, subd. (a), italics added.) Thus, the test for compensability was similar to that under Government Code section 20046, which then, as now, also referred to "injury . . . arising out of and in the course of . . . employment." (Italics added.)

­FN 3. Because we determine, on statutory grounds, that Labor Code section 3208.3 is inapplicable, we need not, and do not, decide Pearl's additional claim that applying this provision would impermissibly interfere with his vested pension rights in violation of the federal and state Constitutions. (Santa Clara County Local Transportation Authority v. Guardino (1995) 11 Cal.4th 220, 230 [applying the " ' "well-established principle that this Court will not decide constitutional questions where other grounds are available and dispositive of the case" ' "].)

­FN 4. We grant Pearl's request for judicial notice of legislative history materials on Labor Code section 3208.3 and Government Code section 21166.

Petition for review after the Court of Appeal denied a petition for writ of review. This case concerns whether the statutory requirement that a worker's compensation applicant who claims psychiatric injury must demonstrate that the actual events of employment were the predominant cause of the injury (Lab. Code, section 3208.3) applies in a proceeding to determine industrial causation for purposes of an industrial disability retirement under the Public Employees' Retirement Law (see Gov. Code section 21166) and, if so, whether application of the rule impairs an applicant's vested pension rights.

Opinion Information
Date:Citation:Docket Number:Category:Status:Cross Referenced Cases:
Thu, 07/19/200126 Cal.4th 189S090553Review - Civil Original Proceedingclosed; remittitur issued

PEARL v. W.C.A.B. (CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC) (S076914)


Parties
1Pearl, Rodney Scott (Petitioner)
Represented by Larry J. Roberts
Lemaire, Faunce, Pingel & Singer
Petersen & Trott
17785 Center Court Drive, Suite 250
Cerritos, CA

2Workers Compensation Appeals Board (Respondent)
Represented by Neil P. Sullivan
Workers' Compensation Appeals Board
P. O. Box 429459
455 Golden Gate Avenue, Suite 9328
San Francisco, CA

3Board Of Trustees Of The California State University (Respondent)
Represented by Carlos Cordova
Attorney At Law
Cal State University
400 Golden Shore St #350
Long Beach, CA

4State Compensation Insurance Fund (Respondent)
Legal Unit - Appellate
1275 Market Street
San Francisco, CA 94103

Represented by Don E. Clark
State Comp Ins Fund
State Comp Ins Fund
1275 Market St
San Francisco, CA

5State Compensation Insurance Fund (Respondent)
Legal Unit - Appellate
1275 Market Street
San Francisco, CA 94103

Represented by Kathy B. Weber
State Compensation Insurance
State Comp Ins Fund
P O Box 8118
San Luis Obispo, CA

6Public Employees Retirement System (Amicus curiae)
Represented by Richard B. Maness
P.E.R.S. Legal Office
400 P Street, Suite 3340
P.O. Box 942707
Sacramento, CA

7Public Employees Retirement System (Amicus curiae)
Represented by Kayla Gillan
Ca Public Employees' Retirement System
400 P St
P O Box 942707
Sacramento, CA


Disposition
Jul 19 2001Opinion: Reversed

Dockets
Aug 7 2000Petition for review filed
Petitioner Rodney Scott Pearl record requested
Aug 10 2000Received letter from:
counsel for petnr dated 8-9-00.
Aug 10 2000Received Court of Appeal record
2 doghouses
Aug 11 2000Received letter from:
counsel for petnr re additional cite.
Oct 3 2000Petition for review granted (civil case)
Votes: George C.J., Mosk, Kennard, Baxter, Werdegar, Chin & Brown JJ.
Oct 4 2000Note:
Grant Letter prepared/processed. Letter mailed to all parties on 10/5/2000.
Nov 2 2000Application for Extension of Time filed
Petitioner Rodney Scott Pear [iopening brief/merits] asking to 12-2-00. [granted two weeks to 11/27/00/order prepared]
Nov 3 2000Extension of Time application Granted
Petitioner Pearl's Opening Brief/Merits to and including 11/27/2000.
Nov 28 2000Opening brief on the merits filed
petitioner PEARL - 40N
Jan 17 2001Letter sent to:
Neil P. Sullivan, Assistant Secretary, WCAB, to file an answer brief on the merits. Response is to be served upon counsel for petition and filed in this court on or before February 16, 2001.
Feb 15 2001Received application to file Amicus Curiae Brief
and brief of Calif. Public Employees' Retirement System in support of petitioner Scott Pearl (received in Sacto) -- [ okay - order prepared ]
Feb 16 2001Answer brief on the merits filed
Respondent W.C.A.B.
Feb 21 2001Permission to file amicus curiae brief granted
California Public Employees' Retirement System in support of petitioner. Answer by any party is due withint twenty days from the filing of the brief.
Feb 21 2001Amicus Curiae Brief filed by:
CALIFORNIA PUBLIC EMPLOYEES' RETIREMENT SYSTEM IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER.
Mar 8 2001Application for Extension of Time filed
Petitioner Pearl's reply brief on the merits to 4/7/2001 (30 days).
Mar 13 2001Letter sent requesting supplemental briefing
Letter sent to both counsel requesting simultaneous letter briefs by 3/23/2001, addressnig the following question: Should the court reconsider the formulation under Bowen v. Board of Retirement (1986) 42 Cal.3d 572 of the substantial contribution test for service-connected disability retirement?
Mar 13 2001Extension of time granted
Petitioner Pearl's reply brief on the merits to and including 3/22/2001. No further extensions of time are contemplated.
Mar 22 2001Reply brief filed (case fully briefed)
petitioner, Rodney Scott Pearl
Mar 23 2001Supplemental brief filed
Supplemental letter brief from CalPERS (filed in Sacramento)
Mar 23 2001Supplemental brief filed
Letter brief from petitioner Rodney Scott Pearl
Mar 23 2001Received letter from:
State Comp Ins Fund re change of name for counsel (Kathey Weber replaced by Don Clark)
Mar 29 2001Received letter from:
(copy) Neil P. Sullivan, WCAB, dated 3/29/2001, re non-receipt of Court's letter. Nevertheless, the Board is not requesting that the Court revisit Bowen. [original received 4/2/2001]
Mar 29 2001Telephone conversation with:
Neil Sullivan (WCAB) copy of the Court's letter request may be picked up at the Court's Clerk's Office. Respondent WCAB has an additional ten (10) days to 4/9/2001 to file its letter brief.
Mar 29 2001Case Ordered on Calendar:
5-10-01, 9am, S.F.
Mar 29 2001Mail returned and re-sent
Kayla J. Gillan, WCAB, P. O. Box 942707, Sacramento, CA. 94229 (916)326-3666
Mar 30 2001Letter sent requesting supplemental briefing
Letter sent to Neil P. Sullivan, WCAB-SF, requesting letter brief by 4/9/2001, addressing the following question: Should the court reconsider the formulation under Bowen v. Board of Retirement (1986) 42 Cal.3d 572 of the substantial contribution test for sevice-connected disability retirement?
Apr 6 2001Supplemental brief filed
Letter brief from respondent W.C.A.B.
Apr 25 2001Received:
request of petnr to allocate oral time to A/C
Apr 27 2001Order filed:
perm granted for two counsel to argue on behalf of petnr.
Apr 27 2001Order filed:
Perm granted for petnr to allocate 10 min of oral arg time to A/C CalPERS.
May 10 2001Exhibits Lodged:
Pursuant to Court's permission at oral argument. PETITIONER PEARL'S EXHIBITS: LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GOVERNMENT CODE SECTION 21166. (one vol.) and LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF LABOR CODE SECTION 3208.3. (one vol.)
May 10 2001Cause Called, Argued and Submitted
Jul 19 2001Opinion filed: Judgment reversed
Remanded with directions for the Court of Appeal to annul the W.C.A.B. order denying reconsideration, and to remand matter to W.C.A.B. for further proceedings. Majority Opinion by Chin, J. -- joined by George C.J., Kennard, Baxter, Werdegar & Brown JJ.
Aug 20 2001Remittitur issued (civil case)
Certified copies sent to CA2/6.
Aug 30 2001Received:
receipt for remittitur from CA2/6, signed for by Victor Salas, Deputy.

Briefs
Nov 28 2000Opening brief on the merits filed
petitioner PEARL - 40N
Feb 16 2001Answer brief on the merits filed
Respondent W.C.A.B.
Feb 21 2001Amicus Curiae Brief filed by:
CALIFORNIA PUBLIC EMPLOYEES' RETIREMENT SYSTEM IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER.
Mar 22 2001Reply brief filed (case fully briefed)
petitioner, Rodney Scott Pearl
If you'd like to submit a brief document to be included for this opinion, please submit an e-mail to the SCOCAL website